1. Physics in Flat Spacetime: Geometric Viewpoint 1.1 Overview 1.2 Foundational Concepts 1.3 Tensor Algebra Without a Coordinate System 1.4 Particle Kinetics and Lorentz Force Without a Reference Frame 1.5 Component Representation of Tensor Algebra

We experimentally demonstrate a 4 × 4 nonblocking silicon thermo-optic (TO) switch fabric consisting of three stages of tunable generalized Mach–Zehnder interferometers. All 24 routing states for nonblocking switching are characterized. The device’s

We investigate the sensitivity of the angular rotation measurement with the method of homodyne detection in SU(2) and SU(1,1) interferometers by employing orbital angular momentum (OAM). By combining a coherent beam with a vacuum beam in an SU(2) int