Recent studies have suggested a link between executive function (EF) and obesity. Studies often adopt body mass index (BMI), which reflects the distribution of subcutaneous fat, as the sole marker of obesity; however, BMI is inappropriate to distingu

Subcutaneous vein network plays important roles to maintain microcirculation that is related to some diagnostic aspects. Despite developments of optical imaging technologies, still the di±culties about deep skin vascular imaging have been continued.

The development of optical methods in modern medicine in the areas of diagnostics, therapy, and surgery has stimulated the investigation of optical properties of various biological tissues, since the efficacy of laser treatment depends on the photon

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pump is widely considered a convenience and promising way for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) subjects, who need exogenous insulin infusion. In the standard insulin pump therapy, there are two modes for