Through the reversible isomerization of trans-cis-trans under the linear polarization light, the molecules of azo materials have the same tropism which is vertical to the polarization of light. This means that azo materials have photo-induced birefri
An intracavity frequency-doubled vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) with green light is demonstrated. The fundamental frequency laser cavity consists of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) of the gain chip and an external mirror
