文件名称:
X Window System User Guide
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上传时间: 2014-10-09
详细说明： TheOPEN LOOK GUIis a popular user interface style (also called a “graphical user interface,” orGUI) for programs running on window systems like The X Window System. X11 itself is a network-based graphics windowing system developed at MIT and widely adopted as an industry standard. But X11 only provides the foundation and skeleton of a window system, just as concrete and wood provide the foundation and framework for a house. The material that you put on the outside will significantly affect both how the final edifice looks and ho w comfortable it will be to live and work in, be that edifice a house or a window system. One exterior, or Graphical User Interface, that became popular in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s is OPEN LOOK. The OPEN LOOK GUIwas designed by Sun andAT&Twith help from Xerox, and is based in part—like otherX11 GUIs such as OSF/Motif, and other window systems such as the Apple Macintosh—on pioneering work done in the late 1960’s and 1970’s at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) and other research sites.OPEN LOOKhas also been influenced by a family resemblance to SunView, Sun’s earlier, very successful, and long-popular workstation window system. If you are new to X, you may be wondering why you should consider theOPEN LOOK GUI. First of all,OPEN LOOKhas many features that make it more intuitive and easier to use than other X-based user interfaces. For example, frequently-accessed menus can be “pinned up” for as long as you need them. As well, the graphical elements each have a distinctive shape—a button is always oval, a pull-down menu is always shown by a small triangle, etc.—which makes it easier to spot buttons, pull-down menus, etc., than when using a GUI that uses rectangular shapes for everything. And of course if you have previously used SunView, you will find much that is familiar in theOPEN LOOK GUI. In addition, theOPEN LOOK GUIspecifies the behavior of certain key applications such as the File Manager (other GUIs do not specify this, and thus several different and incompatible “desktop managers” are available at extra cost). Comprehensive implementations such as Sun’s OpenWindows include a suite of useful “deskset” applications that make the interface much more than a bare-bones “look and feel.” OpenWindows includes (in addition tothe File Manager) a set of useful tools called the DeskSet, which includes a calendar manager for scheduling appointments among people in your workgroup, a multi-media mail tool that can include audio files and graphical images in mail messages, tools for controlling printers, etc. All of these are either not available or cost a significant amount of extra money when using other GUIs. Because theOPEN LOOK GUIis a specification, there are several implemtnations of it. Some of the complexity of this volume derives from listing the differences amont them The X Window System User’s Guide, OPEN LOOK Editioncovers the most popular implementation of theOPEN LOOK GUI, Sun’s OpenWindows Version 3. * Much of the information is also applicable toAT&T’sOPEN LOOK4 software, and indeed much of it is applicable to any version of The X Window System. We describe the basic concepts of window systems and terminology, the application programs (clients) commonly included with these packages as well as some free-software clients that you may wish to obtain on your own, and how client programs behave under OPEN LOOK. TheOPEN LOOKedition is intended for those using X with theOPEN LOOK interface. There are also Motif and “generic (MIT) X11” versions of this book available from O’Reilly & Associates. ...展开收缩
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