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详细说明： 2014 MCM PROBLEM A: The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass Rule 2014 年美赛 A 题: 除非超车否则靠右行驶的交通规则 In countries where driving automobiles on the right is the rule (that is, 在一些汽车靠右行驶的国家 (比如美国, 中国等等), USA, China and most other countries except for Great Britain, Australia, 多车道的高速公路常常遵循以下原则：司机必须在最右 and some former British colonies), multi-lane free ways often employa rule 侧驾驶, 除非他们正在超车, 超车时必须先移到左侧车 that requires drivers to drive in the right-most lane unless they are passing 道在超车后再返回. another vehicle, in which case they move one lane to the left, pass, and return to their former travel lane. Build and analyze a mathematical model to analyze the performance 建立数学模型来分析这条规则在低负荷和高负荷状 of this rule in light and heavy traffic. You may wish to examine tradeoffs 态下的交通路况的表现. 你不妨考察一下流量和安全的 between traffic flow and safety, the role of under- or over-posted speed limits 权衡问题, 车速过高过低的限制, 或者这个问题陈述中 (that is, speed limits that are too low or too high), and/or other factors 可能出现的其他因素. 这条规则在提升车流量的方面是 that may not be explicitly called out in this problem statement. Is this 否有效? 如果不是, 提出能够提升车流量, 安全系数或其 rule effective in promoting better traffic flow? If not, suggest and analyze 他因素的替代品 (包括完全没有这种规律) 并加以分析. alternatives (to include possibly no rule of this kind at all) that might promote greater traffic flow, safety, and/or other factors that you deem important. In countries where driving automobiles on the left is the norm, argue 在一些国家, 汽车靠左行驶是常态, 探讨你的解决方 whether or not your solution can be carried over with a simple change of 案是否稍作修改即可适用, 或者需要一些额外的需要. orientation, or would additional requirements be needed. Lastly, the rule as stated above relies upon human judgment for com- 最后, 以上规则依赖于人的判断, 如果相同规则的交 pliance. If vehicle transportation on the same roadway was fully under the 通运输完全在智能系统的控制下, 无论是部分网络还是 control of an intelligent system – either part of the road network or imbedded 嵌入使用的车辆的设计, 在何种程度上会修改你前面的 in the design of all vehicles using the roadway – to what extent would this 结果？ change the results of your earlier analysis?
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