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详细说明： 目 录 LEGAL NOTICE....................................................................................................................................................5 前言..........................................................................................................................................................................6 本书的组织..........................................................................................................................................................7 第一章 硬件基础......................... ............................................................................................................................9 1.1 CPU..............................................................................................................................................................10 1.2 内存............................................................................................................................................................. 11 1.3 总线............................................................................................................................................................. 11 1.4 控制器与外设.............................................................................................................................................12 1.5 地址空间.....................................................................................................................................................12 1.6 时钟.............................................................................................................................................................12 第二章 软件基础...................................................................................................................................................12 2.1 计算机编程语言.........................................................................................................................................13 2.1.1 汇编语言.............................................................................................................................................13 2.1.2 C 编程语言和编译器............................................................................................................................13 2.1.3 连接程序.............................................................................................................................................14 2.2 操作系统概念.............................................................................................................................................14 2.2.1 内存管理.............................................................................................................................................15 2.2.2 进程.....................................................................................................................................................15 2.2.3 设备驱动.............................................................................................................................................16 2.2.4 文件系统.............................................................................................................................................16 2.3 核心数据结构.............................................................................................................................................16 2.3.1 连接列表.............................................................................................................................................16 2.3.2 散列表.................................................................................................................................................17 2.3.3 抽象接口.............................................................................................................................................17 第三章 存储管理...................................................................................................................................................17 3.1 虚拟内存的抽象模型.................................................................................................................................18 3.1.1 请求换页.............................................................................................................................................19 3.1.2 交换.....................................................................................................................................................20 3.1.3 共享虚拟内存...................................................................................................................................20 3.1.4 物理与虚拟寻址模式........................................................................................................................21 3.1.5 访问控制...........................................................................................................................................21 3.2 高速缓冲...................................................................................................................................................22 3.3 LINUX 页表...............................................................................................................................................23 3.4 页面分配与回收.......................................................................................................................................23 3.4.1 页面分配...........................................................................................................................................24 3.4.2 页面回收...........................................................................................................................................25 3.5 内存映射...................................................................................................................................................26 3.6 请求换页...................................................................................................................................................27 3.7 LINUX页面CACHE ....................................................................................................................................28 3.8 换出与丢弃页面.......................................................................................................................................28 3.8.1 减少Page Cache和Buffer Cache的大小.........................................................................................29 3.8.2 换出系统V 内存页面........................................................................................................................30 3.8.3 换出和丢弃页面...............................................................................................................................30 3.9 THE SWAP CACHE.......................................................................................................................................31 3.10 页面的换入.............................................................................................................................................31 第四章 进程管理...................................................................................................................................................32 4.1 LINUX进程................................................................................................................................................33 4.2 IDENTIFIERS................................................................................................................................................35 Linux Kernel Page 2 4.3 调度...........................................................................................................................................................35 4.3.1 多处理器系统中的调度....................................................................................................................37 4.4 文件...........................................................................................................................................................38 4.5 虚拟内存...................................................................................................................................................39 4.6 进程创建...................................................................................................................................................40 4.7 时钟和定时器...........................................................................................................................................41 4.8 程序执行...................................................................................................................................................41 4.8.1 ELF....................................................................................................................................................42 4.8.2 脚本文件...........................................................................................................................................44 第五章 进程间通讯机制.......................................................................................................................................44 5.1 信号...........................................................................................................................................................44 5.2 管道...........................................................................................................................................................46 5.3 套接口.......................................................................................................................................................48 5.3.1 系统V IPC 机制...............................................................................................................................48 5.3.2 消息队列...........................................................................................................................................48 5.3.3 信号灯...............................................................................................................................................49 5.3.4 共享内存...........................................................................................................................................51 第六章 PCI............................................................................................................................................................52 6.1 PCI 地址空间............................................................................................................................................53 6.2 PCI 配置头...............................................................................................................................................54 6.3 PCI I/O 和PCI 内存地址..........................................................................................................................55 6.4 PCI-ISA 桥接器.......................................................................................................................................56 6.5 PCI-PCI 桥接器.......................................................................................................................................56 6.5.1 PCI-PCI 桥接器PCI I/O 和PCI 内存窗口...................................................................................56 6.5.2 PCI-PCI 桥接器PCI 配置循环及PCI 总线编号方式...................................................................56 6.6 LINUX PCI 初始化过程.............................................................................................................................57 6.6.1 Linux 核心PCI 数据结构.................................................................................................................59 6.6.2 PCI设备驱动....................................................................................................................................60 6.6.3 PCI BIOS 函数.................................................................................................................................63 6.6.4 PCI 补丁代码...................................................................................................................................63 第七章 中断及中断处理.......................................................................................................................................65 7.1 可编程中断控制器...................................................................................................................................67 7.2 初始化中断处理数据结构........................................................................................................................67 7.3 中断处理...................................................................................................................................................68 第八章 设备驱动...................................................................................................................................................69 8.1 轮询与中断...............................................................................................................................................70 8.2 直接内存访问 (DMA)..............................................................................................................................71 8.3 内存...........................................................................................................................................................72 8.4 设备驱动与核心的接口............................................................................................................................72 8.4.1 字符设备...........................................................................................................................................73 8.4.2 块设备...............................................................................................................................................74 8.5 硬盘...........................................................................................................................................................75 8.5.1 IDE 硬盘...........................................................................................................................................76 8.5.2 初始化IDE子系统............................................................................................................................77 8.5.3 SCSI 硬盘.........................................................................................................................................77 8.6 网络设备...................................................................................................................................................80 8.6.1 初始化网络设备...............................................................................................................................82 第九章 文件系统...................................................................................................................................................82 9.1 第二代扩展文件系统EXT2 ..............................................................................................................84 9.1.1 The EXT2 Inode ................................................................................................................................85 9.1.2 EXT2 超块.......................................................................................................................................86 9.1.3 EXT2 组标志符................................................................................................................................86 9.1.4 EXT2 目录.......................................................................................................................................87 9.1.5 在EXT2 文件系统中搜寻文件.........................................................................................................88 Linux Kernel Page 3 9.1.6 改变EXT2 文件系统中文件的大小.................................................................................................88 9.2 虚拟文件系统(VFS).................................................................................................................................89 9.2.1 VFS 超块..........................................................................................................................................90 9.2.2 The VFS Inode...................................................................................................................................91 9.2.3 注册文件系统...................................................................................................................................92 9.2.4 安装文件系统...................................................................................................................................92 9.2.5 在虚拟文件系统中搜寻文件.............................................................................................................93 9.2.6 Creating a File in the Virtual File System...........................................................................................94 9.2.7 卸载文件系统...................................................................................................................................94 9.2.8 The VFS Inode Cache.........................................................................................................................94 9.2.9 目录 Cache .......................................................................................................................................95 9.3 THE BUFFER CACHE ...................................................................................................................................96 9.3.1 bdflush 核心后台进程......................................................................................................................97 9.3.2 update进程........................................................................................................................................98 9.4 /PROC文件系统.........................................................................................................................................98 9.5 设备特殊文件...........................................................................................................................................98 第十章 网络...........................................................................................................................................................99 10.1 TCP/IP 网络简介....................................................................................................................................99 10.2 LINUX TCP/IP 网络层...........................................................................................................................102 10.3 BSD SOCKET 接口.................................................................................................................................103 10.4 INET SOCKET 层...................................................................................................................................105 10.4.1 建立BSD socket ............................................................................................................................106 10.4.2 将地址与INET BSD socket 绑定..................................................................................................106 10.4.3 在INET BSD Socket 上建立连接.................................................................................................107 10.4.4 监听 INET BSD Socket.................................................................................................................107 10.4.5 接收连接请求...............................................................................................................................108 10.5 IP 层......................................................................................................................................................108 10.5.1 Socket 缓存..................................................................................................................................108 10.5.2 接收IP 包...................................................................................................................................... 110 10.5.3 发送IP 包...................................................................................................................................... 110 10.5.4 数据分块....................................................................................................................................... 111 10.6 地址解析协议 (ARP) ............................................................................................................................ 111 10.7 IP 路由................................................................................................................................................. 112 10.7.1 路由缓存....................................................................................................................................... 113 10.7.2 The Forwarding Information Database ........................................................................................... 113 第十一章 核心机制............................................................................................................................................. 114 11.1 底层部分处理机制............................................................................................................................... 114 11.2 任务队列............................................................................................................................................... 116 11.3 定时器TIMER ............................................................................................................................... 117 11.4 等待队列............................................................................................................................................... 118 11.5 BUZZ 锁................................................................................................................................................. 118 11.6 信号灯................................................................................................................................................... 118 第十二章 模块..................................................................................................................................................... 119 12.1 模块的加载...........................................................................................................................................121 12.2 模块的卸载...........................................................................................................................................122 第十三章 处理器.................................................................................................................................................123 13.1 X86........................................................................................................................................................123 13.2 ARM......................................................................................................................................................123 13.3 ALPHA AXP 处理器...............................................................................................................................124 第十四章 LINUX核心资源...............................................................................................................................124 第十五章 LINUX核心数据结构........................................................................................................................128 15.1 BLOCK_DEV_STRUCT........................................................................................................................128 15.2 BUFFER_HEAD.................................................................................................................................128 15.3 DEVICE............................................................................................................................................129 Linux Kernel Page 4 15.4 DEVICE_STRUCT ...............................................................................................................................132 15.5 FILE.................................................................................................................................................132 15.6 FILES_STRUCT .................................................................................................................................132 15.7 FS_STRUCT......................................................................................................................................133 15.8 GENDISK..........................................................................................................................................133 15.9 INODE..............................................................................................................................................134 15.10 IPC_PERM ...................................................................................................................................135 15.11 IRQACTION..................................................................................................................................135 15.12 LINUX_BINFMT ............................................................................................................................136 15.13 MEM_MAP_T...............................................................................................................................136 15.14 MM_STRUCT ...............................................................................................................................137 15.15 PCI_BUS......................................................................................................................................137 15.16 PCI_DEV .....................................................................................................................................137 15.17 REQUEST.....................................................................................................................................138 15.18 RTABLE .......................................................................................................................................139 15.19 SEMAPHORE................................................................................................................................139 15.20 SK_BUFF.....................................................................................................................................140 15.21 SOCK ..........................................................................................................................................141 15.22 SOCKET.......................................................................................................................................145 15.23 TASK_STRUCT.............................................................................................................................146 15.24 TIMER_LIST ................................................................................................................................148 15.25 TQ_STRUCT.................................................................................................................................148 15.26 VM_AREA_STRUCT ......................................................................................................................148 第十六章 LINUX相关WEB 和FTP站点........................................................................................................149 附录A 作者简介.................................................................................................................................................151 附录B THE GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE..........................................................................................151 ...展开收缩
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