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详细说明：Make-Games-with-Python.pdfWELCOME TO MAKE GAMES WITH PYTHON hile countless millions of us take great pleasure spending hours racking up high scores in our favourite games, few of us are ever exposed to the delights of making them in the first place. It's far from easy, but learning to code your own shoot-em-up is infinitely more satisfying than beating any end-of-level boss Although this book is designed to help you learn many of the essential skills you'll need to make games with Python and Pygame on your Raspberry Pi, it's by no means definitive. Frankly, you could read a dozen books on the subject and still not have the skills you need to succeed. As with most things nothing replaces good old-fashioned practice. I should know: I have 30 cookery books lining my shelf and I still burnt my toast this morning Making games is a brilliant way to learn to code though, so I hope this book helps you to get started on your next big adventure Russell barnes Managing Editor, Raspberry Pi FIND US ONLINE raspberrypi. org/magpi GET IN TOUCH magpiraspberrypi org EDITORIAL DESIGN Managing Editor: Russell Barnes Critical Media: criticalmedia. co, uk russellaraspberrypi org Head of Design: Dougal Matthews Technical Editor: David Whale Designers: Lee Allen, Mike Kay App store Sub Editors: Lorna Lynch (with Laura Clay Phil King) DISTRIBUTION SUBSCRIPTIONS Seymour Distribution Ltd Select Publisher Services Ltd 2 East Poultry Ave PO BOx 6337 coO London Bournemouth BH19EH|+44(0)1202586848 In print. this product is made using paper The MagPi magazine is published by Raspberry Pi(Trading)Ltd. Mount Pleasant House, Cambridge. Recycle sourced from sustainable forests and CB3 ORN. The publisher, editor and contributors accept no responsibility in respect of any omissions the printer operates an environmental or errors relating to goods, products or services referred to or advertised in the magazine. Except management system which has been where otherwise noted, content in this magazine is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution assessed as conforming to ISO 14001 Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported(CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). ISSN: 2051-9982 ESSENTIALS I SEAN M. CONTENTS TRACEY] 05 I CHAPTER ONE I ShaPes paths WITH PYGAME 18 I CHAPTER TWO I ANIMATING ShaPes paths Sean calls 28 I CHAPTER THREE I himself a TAKING CONTROL OF technologist which is a fancy THE KEYboaRd MOUSe way of saying 42 I CHAPTER FOUR I he still hasn't decided what he YOUR FIRST GAME wants to do with technology 56[ CHAPTER FIVE I other than PYGAME SOUNDBOARD everything Sean has spent 68 CHAPTER SIX I his career trying PHYSICS FORCes to avoid getting proper jobs, and 80 I CHAPTER SEVEN I as such has had a hand in making PhYSiCS COLlISIONs a variety of fun and interesting 94 I CHAPTER EIGHT I projects, including BUILDING CLASSES a singing statue of Lionel Richie 114 I CHAPTER NINE I wearable drum THE ALIENS ARE kits, chopstick b atrIp me- TRYING TO KILL ME! telling hats, and 130 I CHAPTER TEN I a life-sized Elvis Presley robot, to THE ALIENS ARE hERE name only a few THEYRE COMING IN WAVES! sean.mtracey org I Contents I MagPi4 I CHAPTER ONE HAPES&PAT上 WITH PYGAME We are going to learn how to make a game on our Raspberry Pi from the ground up. In the first chapter, we learn the basics 5 MagPi Chapter One] MAKE GAMES WITH PYTHON n this book, we are going to learn to make games on the Raspberry pi with Pygame. We'll look at drawing, animation, keyboard and mouse controls, sound, and physics. Each chapter will add to our knowledge of raspberry Pi game development, allowing us both to understand the games we play, and to create almost anything our imaginations can come up with This book isnt for absolute programming beginners, but it's not far from it: we're going to assume that you've written some simple Python (or similar) programs in the past, and are able to do things like creating files and get around your Pis filesystem without too much difficulty. If you haven't set up your Pi and are a little lost on how to go about it, there are lots of easy-to-follow guides on the web which will help bring you up to speed. You could point your web browser to raspberrypi. org/resources to get started In the first chapter, we're going to look at drawing and colouring various shapes in a window. This isnt quite Grand Theft Auto V, admittedly, but drawing shapes is the first step in building just about anything To start off, open your preferred text editor, create a new file, insert the following code into it and save it as hello. py: Let's run that code and see what it does. In your terminal window, enter python hello py. If all has gone well, a new window will have opened showing you a import pygame Download magpi cc/ pygame. inito 1johJYe window= pygame. display set mode ((500, 400)) while true pygame. draw rect (window,(255,0, 0) (⊙,9,58,38) pygame. display update) I Shapes Paths with Pygame 1 Magpi5 Magpi window= pygame. display set mode((500, 400)) window Left here we can see how each variable in window affects the application 500pX window' s shape and size width always comes before height red square on a black background in the top-left corner of the window We've just created our first Pygame program: let's walk through it Understanding hello.py The first two lines of our first program are very simple: all we've done s told Python that we want to use Pygame. import pygame loads all of the Pygame code into our script, so we dont have to write all of that code ourselves. Pygame is designed to make the creation of games and interactive software easy pygame. init( tells Pygame that were ready to start using it Let's look at the third line of code window pygame display set mode ((500, 400)) window is the parameter we're going to use to tell our Pygame program about how it should look when it runs; each parameter affects the application window's shape and size. Note that here, width always comes before height. window is also the parameter that well use to tell other lines of code the surface on which they should draw shapes 7 MagPi Chapter One 1 I MAKE GAMES WITH PYTHON I and set colours With window, were calling the set_mode function of Pygame's display module: the latter is responsible for how the I PYGAME I game window and surface(an informal term for the pixels we'll be manipulating) behaves. We're passing a tuple(which we can think Pygame is of as a special list of things-in this case, a list of numbers)to set installed on Raspbian by mode()to tell it how big we want our game window to be. In this case, default. Find the application window is 500 pixels wide by 400 pixels tall. If we pass documentation numbers that are bigger, the game window will be bigger; if we pass detailing all numbers that are smaller, the game window will be smaller its features at pygame. org/docs The next few lines are where we make our program draw shapes on that window. When programs run, they execute their code, and when they're finished, they close themselves. Thats fine unless, of course, you want your program to be interactive, or to draw or animate shapes over time, which is exactly what we need from a game. So, in order to keep our program from exiting, we make a while loop and put all our code inside The while loop will never finish because True is always True, so we can keep running our program and drawing our shapes for as long as we like The first thing we do in our while loop is draw a rectangle. A rectangle is the simplest shape that we can draw in Pygame pygame. draw rect(window,(255,0,0),(0,0,50, 30)) The parameters at the end are telling Pygame where we want to draw our rectangle, the colour we want our rectangle to be, how we want to draw it, and how big we want it to be In our hello. py program, we've told Pygame to draw a rectangle in our window -or at least the surface we create with our window parameter. Next, we told Pygame what colour we wanted our rectangle to be by passing it through a tuple (a special list of numbers representing how much red, green, and blue the final colour should have in it. We use red, green, and blue as these are the three colours your screen combines to create every shade you can see on it. o means that none of that colour should be used in the shape, 255 means that the maximum amount of colour should be in that shape. We told our rectangle that it should be the colour(255, 0, 0), which is pure red I Shapes& Paths with Pygame 1 Magpi Magpi If we had told it to be(255, 0, 255), it would have been a bright purple, because it's being drawn with the maximum amount of red and the maximum amount of blue. If we had told our rectangle to be coloured (100, 100, 100), it would be a dark grey, because all of the colours would be equal After weve passed through a colour for our rectangle to be, we have to tell it where it should go and how big it should be. We do this by passing a tuple of four numbers. The first number is an X coordinate, which set out how far from the left side of the window the left edge of our rectangle should be. The second number is a Y coordinate; this tells the rectangle how far from the top of our window the top edge it should sit. The third number gives the width of our rectangle, and the fourth number defines its height. So, for example, if we wanted our rectangle to be 5o pixels from the left side of the window, 100 pixels from the top of our window, 20 pixels wide and 80 pixels tall, we would pass (50, 100, 20, 80)to pygame. draw recto Below heres a Please note that the order never changes. If you tell Pygame how big clear look at what you want the rectangle to be when it's expecting a colour or vice versa, each variable does to the shape the program may crash, so take your time were drawing Our last line in hello. py is nice and simple: it tells Pygame that we're done drawing shapes for pygame. display rect(window,(255,0,0),(100,100,50,50)) the moment and that it can now pygame. display rect(window,(0, 255, 0),(200, 150, 50, 50)) fresh the window This saves pygame. display rect(window,(0, 0, 255),(300, 200,50, 50)) our Pi having to draw and redraw the screen for every shape ti weve created; instead, it can get them all drawn in one 100,100 Adding more shapes We’ ve successfully d one 0,150 shape, so let's draw a few more We'll draw some squares around the screen and mess around 300,200 with their properties a little bit There's no need to create a new file, so we'll stick with hello. py for now. Edit the while loop so it's the same as the following Ma I MAKE GAMES WITH PYTHON I LINE while true WIDTH I When drawing pygame. draw rect(window,(255,0,0) a rectangle (108,1,58,58)) or ellipse, you have the choice pygame. draw rect(window,(0,255,0), of passing a (158,180,50,50) Line width. If pygame. draw rect(window,(0,0, 255), you don't, the shape will b (20,100,50,50)) flLed solid pygame. display update) Now we should have three squares: red, blue, and green. So far, this is nice and simple, but those squares are placed right next to each other. What would happen if they were to overlap? Let's find out Change your code once more to the following while true pygame. draw rect(window,(255,0,0) (,9,50,50)) pygame. draw rect (window,(0,255,0), 49,8,59,50) pygame. draw rect(window,(0,0, 255), (8,,50,50)) pygame. display update) This time we get two rectangles and a square, but that is not what we asked for. So, what has gone wrong? When we execute our code, it works through what it has to draw, and where it has to put it line-by-line. If one item is drawn and then another is drawn over it or on top of part of it, then we can no longer see what's beneath that second shape. The pixels of the shape drawn first I Shapes Paths with Pygame 1 MagPi[10

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