dive into design patterns(Alexander Shvets).pdf设计模

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详细说明：设计模式（Design pattern）代表了最佳的实践，通常被有经验的面向对象的软件开发人员所采用。设计模式是软件开发人员在软件开发过程中面临的一般问题的解决方案。这些解决方案是众多软件开发人员经过相当长的一段时间的试验和错误总结出来的。设计模式是一套被反复使用的、多数人知晓的、经过分类编目的、代码设计经验的总结。使用设计模式是为了重用代码、让代码更容易被他人理解、保证代码可靠性。毫无疑问，设计模式于己于他人于系统都是多赢的，设计模式使代码编制真正工程化，设计模式是软件工程的基石，如同大厦的一块块砖石一样。项目中合理地运用设计模式可以完美地解决很多问题，每种模式在现实中都有相应的原理来与之对应，每种模式都描述了一个在我们周围不断重复发生的问题，以及该问题的核心解决方案，这也是设计模式能被广泛应用的原因。A Few Words on Copyright Hi! My name is Alexander Shvets. I'm the author of the book dive nto Design Patterns and the online course Dive Into Refactoring This book is for your personal use only Please don't share it with any third parties except your family members. If you'd like to share the book with a friend or colleague, buy and send them a new copy. All profit from the sale of my books and courses is spent on the development of Refactoring. Guru. Each copy sold helps the project immensely and brings the moment of a new book release a little bit closer C Alexander Shvets, Refactoring. Guru, 2019 M support(refactoring. guru e ILlustrations: Dmitry Zhart Editing: Andrew Wetmore, Rhyan Solomon I dedicate this book to my wife, Maria. fit hadn't been for her, /'d probably have finished the book some 30 years later 4 Table of contents Table of contents Tab| e of contents……4 How to read this book 16 INTRODUCTION TO OOP Basics of oop Pillars of oop 13 Relations between objects.............20 INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN PATTERNS What's a Design Pattern? 春鲁春鲁鲁鲁。自。鲁。。意 24 Why should I Learn Patterns?.........28 SOFTWARE DESIGN PRINCIPLES 29 Features of Good Design ........30 Design Principles 34 s Encapsulate What Varies.........5 s Program to an Interface, not an Implementation. 39 s Favor Composition Over Inheritance 4 SOLID Principles..........48 5 Single responsibility Principle.......49 5 Open/Closed Principle .51 5 Liskov Substitution Principle........54 5 Interface Segregation Principle 61 s Dependency Inversion Principle…… 64 5 Table of contents CATALOG OF DESIGN PATTERNS 68 Creational Design Patterns 69 s Factory Method 71 5 Abstract Factory… 87 s Builder…103 s Prototype 122 5 Singleton............136 Structural Design Patterns..........146 5 Adapter 149 § Bridge.162 s Composite...............177 5 Decorator 191 5 Facade…..209 s Flyweight 219 5 Proxy… 233 Behavioral Design Patterns 246 s Chain of responsibility 250 s Command 268 s Iterator 289 § Mediator……1304 5 Memento.…...........….320 Observer…136 s State 352 s Strategy 368 s Template Method 381 5 Visitor… 393 Conclusion… 409 6 How to read this book How to Read this book This book contains the descriptions of 22 classic design pat terns formulated by the"Gang of Four"(or simply goF)in 1994 Each chapter explores a particular pattern. Therefore, you can read from cover to cover or by picking the patterns you're inter ested in Many patterns are related, so you can easily jump from topic to topic using numerous anchors. The end of each chapter has a list of links between the current pattern and others. If you see the name of a pattern that you havent seen yet, just keep reading-this item will appear in one of the next chapters Design patterns are universaL. Therefore, all code samples in this book are written in pseudocode that doesnt constrain the material to a particular programming language Prior to studying patterns, you can refresh your memory by going over the key terms of object-oriented programming That chapter also explains the basics of UML diagrams, which is useful because the book has tons of them. Of course, if you already know all of that, you can proceed to learning patterns right away. INTRODUCTION T000P 8 Introduction to OOP/Basics of OOP Basics of oop Object-oriented programming is a paradigm based on the con cept of wrapping pieces of data, and behavior related to that data, into special bundles called objects, which are construct ed from a set of blueprints, defined by a programmer, called classes Objects. classes Do you like cats? I hope you do because I'll try to explain the OoP concepts using various cat examples Cat Name Visibility+hame gender public private+ age Fields weight (state) t color The ellipsis means that theres more stuff in the class breathe but it's not relevant + eat(food) Methods at the moment +run(destination) sleep(hours) (behavior) + meow This is a UMl class diagram. You'll see a lot of such diagrams in the book 9 Introduction to OoP/ Basics of OOP Say you have a cat named Oscar Oscar is an object, an instance of the Cat class. Every cat has a lot of standard attributes name, sex, age, weight, color, favorite food, etc. These are the class's felds All cats also behave similarly: they breathe, eat, run, sleep and meow. These are the class's methods Collectively, fields and methods can be referenced as the members of their class Data stored inside the object's fields is often referenced as state, and all the objects methods define its behavior Oscar: Cat Luna: Cat name Oscar name luna sex =ma le sex = female age 3 age 2 weight weight 5 color= brown color gray texture striped texture= plain Objects are instances of classes

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