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MongoDB基本操作之Python篇
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上传时间: 2019-07-02
详细说明：MongoDB基本操作之Python篇
连接数据库 MongoClient VS Connection5.2查询特定键(￡ ields)
select name, age from users where age=21
for u in db. users find((age: 21], ["name",age!): print u
for u in db. users find(fields =L"name",age ): printl
5.3排序(SORT)
pymmongo. ASCENDING#也可以用1来代替
pymmongc. DESCENDING#也可以用-1来代替
for u in dh. users find(). sort([(age, pynmongo ASCENDING)]): printl#
select*from集合名 order by键1
for u in db. users find(). sort([("age", pymongo DESCENDING)]): print u
se1ect*from集合名 order by键1desc
for u in db. users find(). sort(L("te1", pymongo ASCENDTNG ),("5222
p mongo. DESCENDING)]): print u# select*frcm集合名 order by键1asc,键2desc
for u in db. users find(sort =[("1", pymongo ASCENDING),("#2
p mongo, DESCENDING)]): print u#sort的另一种写法
for u in db. users find(t"name": user9" sort=[[ name,l],['sex' 1]], fields
=["nane","age",'sex']): print u#组合写法
5.4从第几行开始读取(SLCE),读取多少行( LIMIT)
#se1ec*fron集合名skip21imit3
#My的写法:seec*fron集合名imi2,3
for u in db. users find(). skip(2)limit(3): print u
for u in db. users find(skip = 2, limit =3): print u
#可以用切片代替 skip limit( mongo中的s1ice貌似有点问题)
for u in db. users find()[2: 5]: print
#单独的写
for u in db. users find(). skip(2): print u
for u in db.users find(skip=1): print. u
for u in db. users find().Limit(5): print u
for u in db. users find(limit =3):print u
5.5多条件查询( Concitiona l operators)#1ike的可使用正则表达式查询
井 selec
rom users where name = user3 and age 12 and age 15
for u in db. users find(f'age':[Sgt: 12, '5lt': 151,'name: ' user3)
print u
select from users where name ='userl and age =21
for u in db. users find(i"age:21,name: user)): print u
N
for u in db. users find(i"age":("sin:(23,26, 32):1): print u t select
from users where age in(23,26, 32)
for u in db. users find(i"age":t"Snin":(23,26, 32)1): print u t select
from users where age not in (23, 26, 32
5.7统计总数( COUNT)
print(cb users. count()) select count(*) from users
print(cb users find([age":["Sgt: 30):). count())# select count(*) from
users where age 30
8 OR
for u in db. users find(i"Sor:Li"age: 251, age: 2811): print u select
from集合名 where键=值1ox键1=值2
for u in db. users find(
[{"age"::"$1e":23};{"ace":{"sqte":33}}]})
print u# select x from集合名 where键1<=值1or键1>=值2
6.是否存在( exists)
db. users find(:Sex: 'Sexists: True):)# select from A where exists
键
db. users find(:' sex':('Sexists': False::)t select from eg where not
eXIstS
键
7.正则表达式查询
for u in db. users find(i"name":"Regex": r"(?i)user[135]"ih,["name"]):
print u#查询出name为uerl,user3,user5的
8.多级路径的元素值匹配
Documen采取JsoN-1ike这种层级结构,因此我们可以直接用嵌入(mioeα)代替传统关系型数
据库的关联引用( Reference)
MongoDB支持以"."分割的 namespace路径,条件表达式中的多级路径须用引号
#如果键里面包含数组,只需简单匹配数组属性是否包含该元素即可查询出来
db.集合名. find one({" address':" address1"}) address是个数组,匹配时仅需包含有即
#查询结果如:{"id": Object.Ia("4c47985089+9b53474170a"),"name":"user1",
address:[address"address2
#条件表达式中的多级路径须用引号,以"."分割
u=dh.集合名, find one("im,qq":12345678})
#查询结果如:{"ia": ObjectIe("4c479885089df9b53474170a"
/ name
user
:["msn":userlghotmail com",ag: 12345678]
print u['im]msn']#显示:user- hotmail1.cor
#多级路径的更新
db.集合名. update({"im.qq":12345678:,('sset':{"im,c":12345}})
#查询包含特定键的
for u in db. users find(i"im qa": 'Sexists: True]],[im qa":1:): print u
#显示如:("id": Objectid("4c479885089df9b53474170a"),"im":("gq":
12345:}
for u in ab users find(i 'data: aoc)): print
5in: id": Objectld("4c47a481b48cde79c6780df5"),"name":users
dat.
10};3,"ah
for u in db. users find(i'data': ' Seler Match:('a: 1 'b:[Sgt: 511):
print u
#显示如:("id": ObjectId("4c47a481b48ce79c6780df5"),"name":"user8
I' data: L
abc
{data:"abc")仅简单匹配数组属性是否包含该元素。 Selemmatch则可以处理更复杂的元素査找
条件。当然也可以写成如下方式:
db,集合名.find({"data,a":1,"data.b":{"'sgt':5})
对数组,还可以直接使用序号进行操作:
db集合名.fnd({"data.":3})#序号从开始
#如集合的一列内容
classifyid":"tes=l
keyword":[
"name":'test1',#将修改此值为tesτ5(数组下标从开始,下标也是用点)
frequence: 21
{"name":'test2',#子表的查询,会匹配到此值
ence:50
子表的修改(子表的其它内容不变)
db,集合名, update({" classified":"test1"},{"sset":{"κ eyword.0,name":'test5}})
#子表的查询
db.集合名.fna({" class::toid":"test1","< yord.0.name":"test2"})
操作
(1)sa11:判断数组属性是否包含全部条件。
db. users insert('name:use3",data:L1,23,4,5,617)
db. users insert((name: user4",data:[1,2,3])
for u in db. users find((' data':[Sall:[2,3, 4]])): print u
hi: id": Objectld("4c47a133b48cde79c6780cf0"),"name":"user3
[1,2,3,4;5,6,7]}
注意和$in的区别。$in是检查目标属性值是条件表达式中的一员,而$a1则要求属性值包含
全部条件元素。
(2) Ssize:匹配数组属性元素数量。
for u in db. users find('data'Ssize: 3)1): print u
#只显示匹配此数组数量的:("id": ObjectId("4c47a13b048cde79c6780df1"),
I'name":user4""data :[123]]
(3) Styre:判断属性类型。
for u in db. users.find({'t':{" style':-}): print u#查询数字类型的
for u in db, users,find({'t':(" style':2:}): print u#查询字符串类型的
类型值:
double
string: 2
object: 3
array: 4
binary data: 5
ok jec七id:7
boolean: 8
dace: 9
nu11:10
reqular expression: 11
avascript code: 13
symbol: 14
javascript code with scope: 15
32-bit integer: 16
time stamp: 17
64-bit. integer: 18
min key: 255
max key: 127
(4)snot:取反,表示返回条件不成立的文档。
似乎只能跟正则和mod一起使用????
#还不知如何使用
(5) Sunseε:和$set相反,表示移除文档属性。
for u in db. users find('name: user1:): print. u
5IEJoA: " id": ObjectId("4c479885089df9b53474170a"),"name":"userl"
de
5, address
address1
address 2
db. users update([name: user), Sunset:I addre
ess r
age:1}})
for u in db. users find(t name :user:): print u
#显示如:{"id": ObjectId("4c479885089df9b53474170a"),"name":"user1”
6) Spush:和 s pushA1都是向数组属性添加元素。#好像两者没啥区别
for u in db. users find(t name: user:): print. u
4显示如:{"id": ObjectId("4c479885089df9b53474170a"),"age":15,"name"
:user1 I
db. users update(['name':"userl"),I'Spush':[' data: 111)
for u in db. users find(t name:user:): print
4显示如:("id": bjectId("4c479885089df9b53474170a"),"age":15,"data"
:[11;"name":"user1"}
db. users update([' name:user1"),t'SpushAll':t'data:L2,3,4,5]))
for u in db. users find(t 'name: user:): print u
524: " id": ObjectId("4c479885089df9b53474170a"),"age": 15,"data"
name
user1
(7) SaddToset:和$push类似,不过仅在该元素不存在时才添加(set表示不重复元素集合)
odate(('nlamne ': "use="),1'Sunset': 'data:1))
db. users update([' name: user2"),i'saddToset':i' data: 111)
ab users update( name
2,Saddloset': data:1]1)
for u in db. users find(t
int
4显示:{"id": ObjectId("c479896089df9b53474170b"),"data":[1
nname":user2
db. users update(['name:"user2"),('Spush':[data: 11))
for u in db. users find('name: user2:): print. u
4显示:{"id": ObjectId("4c479896089df9b53474170b"),"data":[1,11,
name":user2".
要添加多个元素,使用 Seach。
db. users update(( name:use=2,f SaddToset:data:seach:
[1,2,3,4]}}})
for u in db. users find(f'name:user2 1): print u
t hi: (u'age': 12, u' id': ObjectId('4c479896089af9053474170b),u'data':
1,1,2,3,4」,name':u"user2"}
4貌似不会自动删除重复
(8) Seach添加多个元素用
db. users update((name:user2"),I'Sunset':i' data: 1)1)
db. users update(( name:use=2,t SaddTaset:i data:1))
for u in ab users find(tname: user2 1): print u
#显示:{"id": Objectid("4c479896089df9b53474170b"),"data":[11
ni name": user2
db. users update([name:"user2"),i'SaddToset:data:ISeach
[1,2,3,4]}}})
for u in db. users find( name: user2): print u
hi: fu' age: 12, u' id': ObjectId('4c479896089af9053474170b),u'data':
[1,2,3,4],u'name":1"user2}
db. users update(['name: "user2"),1'SaddToset:' data:[, 2,3, 4]11)
for u in db. users find(('name:user2): print u
#显示:{"id:0 pEctiC("4c479896089df9b534741/0b"),"data":1,2,3
4,[1,2,3,4]1"name":"user2"
db. users update(['name: user2,'Sunset':['data: 11)
db. users update(I' name: user2,t' SaddToset':'data:LT
4」}})
for u in db. users find(i ' name: user2:): print u
t E: "id": ObjectId ("4c47a133148cde79c6780df0"),"data":[I
4]]
name
user
(9)spop:移除数组属性的元素按数组下标移除),spu-1按值移除,Spu11411移除所有符合提
交的元素
db. users update((nane:user2"1,iSunset':[data: 1))
db. users update(['name': "user2"1,I'saddToset':'data:I'Seach':[1, 2, 3, 4
5,6,7,2,3]):)
for u in db. users find('name: user2:): print. u
hie: I " id": ObjectId("4c47a133148cde7 9c6780cf0"),"
7,2,3,"name"
use-2〃
db. users. update(name':"usex2"},{"spop':{data':1})#移除最后一个元素
for u in db. users find(t name: user2 :): print u
#显示:{"id": ObjectId("4c47a133k48ce79c6780f0"),"ata":[1,2,3
4,5,6;7,2],"name":"user2"}
db. users. update({"name':"use2"},{'spop":{'data':-1}})#移除第一个元素
for u in db. users find(I'name: user2";): print u
i :I "id": ObjectId ("4c47a133148cde79c6780cf0"),"d
5,6,7,2],"nane":"user2"}
db. users. update({'name':"usex2"},{"Spu1l:{'data':2}})#移除全部2
for u in ab users find(tname: user2 1): print u
#显示:{"id": ObjectId("4c47a133b48cde79c6780f0"),"aata":[3,4,5,
:"user2
db.users.update(("name':"usex2"},{'$pu11A1l:{"data':[3,5,6]}})4移除3,5,6
for u in db. users find(i'nane: user2 1): print u
SiE. id": ObjectId(4c17a-33b418cde79c67800f0"),data:[ 4, 7
I name": user2.
(10)$ where:用Js代码来代替有些丑陋的$1t、$qt。
MongoDB内置了 Javascript Engine( SpiderMonkey)。可直接使用 Us Expression,甚至
使用 JS Func=ion写更复杂的 Code block。
db. users. remove()4删除集合里的所有记录
for i in range(1
ab users insert(f'name: user+ str(i),'age:i)
for u in db. users find(): print u
显示如下:
i id: ObjectId(4c47b3372a9b20e866da226e"),name":user0",age":
i "id":Objectld("Ac47b3372a9b2be8 66da226f"),name":userl","age:1
ObjectId(4c47b3372a9b2De866da2270),"name":user2
ade
i id": ObjectId("4c47b3372a9b20e866da2271"),"name":user3","age
jectId(4C47b3372a9b2be866da2272"),"name
er4",age
ObjectId( 4c47b3372a9b2De866da2273 ),name":user5
i id":ObjectId(4c47b3372a9b2be866da2274),"name":user6" ,"age
i id": ObjectId(4c4753372a9b2De866da2275),"name":user"age:
I "id": ObjectId(4c47b3372a9b2be866da2276),name":users", age
i id": ObjectId("4c47b3372a9b2De866da2277 )"name":user9""age": 9
for u in db. users find(i "Swhere: this age 7 I this age <31):
print
#显示如下:
u ag
ctId(4c47b3372a9b2e866da226e")
users
lu'age: 1.0, u id: ObjectId(4c47b3372a9b202866da226f'),u'name t
u user
fu' age:2.0,u ic: ObjectId(4c4753372a9b2be866da2270),uname:
u'user2
fu age:8.0,u id: ObjectId(4c47b3372a9b20e866da2276),u' name:
u users
9.0
a: ObjectId( 4c47b3372a9b2be866da2277),uname
u'user9 '1
for u in db. users find() where("this age >7 this age < 3): print u
#显示如下:
fudge
id: ObjectId(4c47b3372a9b2be866da226e'),u'name
usero'
lu' age: 1.0, u ia: ObjectId (4c47b3372a9b2o2866da226f),u'namc'
u user1
du'age:2.0, u id: ObjectId(4c4753372a 9b2De866da2270),uname:
user 2
fu age:8.0,u id: ObjectId( 4c17b3372a9b202866da2276),u'name:
users
{uage":9.0
:ObjectId(4c47b3372a9b2be866da2277),uname:
u'userg'
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