oracle-call-interface-programmers-guide.pdf（18c)）O

文件名称: oracle-call-interface-programmers-guide.pdf（18c)）

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详细说明：ORACLE调用接口(Oracle Call Interface简称OCI)提供了一组可对ORACLE数据库进行存取的接口子例程（函数），通过在第三代程序设计语言（如C语言）中进行调用可达到存取ORACLE数据库的目的。Contents Preface Audience Documentation Accessibility Vv Related documents Conventions Changes in This Release for Oracle Call Interface Programmer's Guide Changes in Oracle Database Release 18c Version 18.1 1 OCl: Introduction 1.1 Overview of ocl 1-1 1.2 Building an OCI Application 1-3 1.3 Alternatives to oCI 1-3 1.4 SQL Statements 1-5 1.4.1 Data Definition Language 1-5 1.4.2 Control statements 1-6 1.4.3 Data Manipulation Language 1-6 1.4.4 Queries 1-7 1.4.5 PL/SQL 1-7 1.4.6 Embedded SQL 1-8 1.4.7 Special OCI Terms for SQL 1-9 1.5 Procedural and Nonprocedural Elements 1-9 1.6 Object Support 1-10 1.6.1 Client-Side object Cache 1-11 1.6.2 Associative and Navigational Interfaces 1-11 1.6.3 OCI Runtime Environment for Objects 1-12 1.6.4 Type Management: Mapping and Manipulation Functions 1-12 1.6.5 Object Type Translator 1-13 1.7 Simple Oracle Document Access(SODA) 1-13 1.8 Encapsulated Interfaces 1-14 ORACL∈ 1. 9 User Authentication and Password Management 1-14 1.10 Features to Improve Application Performance and Scalability 1-15 1.11 Oracle Streams Advanced Queuing 1-15 1.12 XA Library Support 1-16 2 Oracle Instant Client and Oracle Instant Client Light 2.1 About oracle Instant Client 2-1 2.2 Install from ZiP Files. from rPms, and from oracle universal installer 2-3 2.3 Environment variables for oracle instant client 2-5 2.4 Database Connection Strings for Oracle Instant client 2.5 SDK for Oracle instant client 2-7 2.6 About Oracle Instant Client Light 2-7 2.6.1 balization Settings 2-8 2.6.2 Libraries for Oracle Instant Client Light 2.6.3 Installing Oracle Instant Client Light 2-9 2.7 About Patching Oracle Instant Client Shared Libraries on Linux or UNIX 2-10 2.8 Regeneration of Data Shared Library and Zip and RPM Files 2-11 2.8.1 Regenerating Data Shared Library libocieiso 2-12 2.8.2 Regenerating Data Shared Library libociicusso 2-12 2.8.3 Regenerating data shared libraries libociei so and libociicus so in one p 2-12 2.8.4 Regenerating Zip and RPM Files for the Basic Package 2-13 2.8.5 Regenerating Zip and RPM Files for the Basic Light Package 2-13 2.8.6 Regenerating Zip and rPM Files for the JDBC Package 2-13 2.8.7 Regenerating Zip and RPM Files for the ODBC Package 2-13 2.8.8 Regenerating Zip and RPM Files for the SQL Plus Package 2-13 2.8.9 Regenerating Zip and RPM Files for the Tools Package 2-13 2.8.10 Regenerating Zip and RPM Files for All Packages 3 Building and Configuring OCI Applications 3.1 Header File and makefile locations 3.2 Building an OCI Application on Linux and UNIX 33 3.2.1 Oracle Directory Structure 3-2 3.2.2 Demonstration OCl Programs 3.3 Building an Application on Windows 3.4 Database Connection Strings 3-3 3.4.1 Examples of Oracle Instant Client Connect Identifiers 3-4 3.5 Client and Server Operating with Different Versions of Time Zone Files 3-6 3.6 OCI Client-Side Deployment Parameters Using oraaccess xml 3-7 3.6.1 About oraaccess xml 3-7 ORACLE 3.6.2 About Client-Side Deployment Parameters Specified in oraaccessxm 3-7 3.6.3 High Level Structure of oraaccess xml 3-8 3.6.4 About Specifying Global Parameters in oraaccess xml 3-9 3.6.5 About Specifying Defaults for Connection Parameters 3-11 3.6.6 Overriding Connection Parameters at the Connection -String Level 3-13 3.6.7 About oCI Session Pool Configuration in oraaccess xml 3-17 3.6.8 File(oraaccess. xml) Properties 3-18 3.7 About Compatibility and Upgrading 3-19 3.7.1 Oracle Client and Server Cross Version Compatibility 3-19 3.7.2 Version Compatibility of Statically Linked and Dynamically Linked Applications 3-20 3.7.3 About Upgrading of Existing OCI Release 7 Applications 3-20 3.7. 4 Obsolete ocl routines 3-22 3.7.5 OCI Routines Not Supported 3-24 3.8 Fault Diagnosability in OCI 3-24 3.8.1 About Fault diagnosability in oc 3-24 3.8.2 AdR Base location 3-25 3.8.3 Using adrc 3-26 3.8.4 Controlling ADR Creation and Disabling Fault Diagnosability Using sqInet. ora 3-28 4 OCI Programming Basics 4.1 Overview of oCl Program Programming 4-1 4.2 oCI Data structures 4-3 4.2.1 Handles 4-3 4.2.1.1 About Allocating and Freeing Handles 4-5 4.2.1.2 Environment handle 4-6 4.2.1.3 Error handle 4-6 4.2.1.4 Service Context Handle and Associated handles 4-6 4.2.1.5 Statement, Bind, and define handles 4-8 4.2.1.6 Describe handle 4-9 4.2.1.7 Complex object Retrieval Handle 4-9 4.21. 8 Thread handle 4-9 4.2.1.9 Subscription Handle 4-9 4.2.1. 10 Direct Path Handles 4-10 4.2.1.11 Connection Pool handle 4-10 4.2.1.12 Handle attributes 4-10 4.2.1.13 OCI Descriptors 4-12 4.3 OCI Programming Steps 4-17 4.3.1 OCI Environment initialization 4-18 4.3.1.1 About Creating the OCl Environment 4-18 ORACL∈ 4.3.1.2 About Allocating Handles and Descriptors 4-19 4.3.1.3 Application Initialization, Connection, and Session Creation 4-19 4.3.2 About Processing SQL Statements in OCI 4-25 4.3.3 Commit or Roll Back Operations 4-25 4.3.4 About Terminating the Application 4-26 4.3.5 Error Handling in OCI 4-27 4.3.5.1 Return and error codes for data 4-28 4.3.5.2 Functions Returning other values 4-29 4.4 Additional Coding Guidelines 4-29 4.4.1 Operating System Considerations 4-29 4.4.2 Parameter Types 4-30 4. 4.21 Address parameters 4-30 4.4.2.2 Integer Parameters 4-30 4.4.2.3 Character string parameters 4-31 4.4.3 Inserting Nulls into a Column 4-31 4.4.4 Indicator Variables 4-31 4.4.4.1nput 4-32 4.4.4.2 Output 4-32 4.4.4.3 Indicator Variables for Named Data Types and REFs 4-32 4.4.5 About Canceling Calls 4-33 4.4.6 Positioned Updates and deletes 4-34 4. 4.7 Reserved words 4-35 4.4.7. 1 Oracle Reserved Namespaces 4-35 4.4.8 Polling Mode Operations in OCI 4-36 4.4.9 Nonblocking Mode in OCI 4-36 4.4.10 Setting Blocking Modes 4-37 4.4.11 Canceling a Nonblocking Call 4-38 4. 5 About Using PL/SQL in an OCI Program 4-38 4.6 OCI Globalization Support 39 4.6.1 Client Character set Control from ocl 4-40 4.6.2 Character Control and ocl interfaces 4-40 4.6.3 Character-Length Semantics in OCI 4-41 4.6.4 Character Set Support in OCI 4-41 4.6.5 Controlling Language and Territory in OCI 4-41 4.6.6 Other OCI Globalization Support Functions 4-42 4.6.7 About Getting Locale Information in OCI 4-42 4.6. 8 About OCI and the BOM(Byte Order Mark 4-43 4.6. 9 About Manipulating Strings in OCI 4-44 4.6.10 About Converting Character Sets in OC 4-45 4.6.11 OCI Messaging functions 4-46 6.12 Imsgen Utility 4-47 ORACLE 4.6.12.1 Guidelines for Text Message files 4-47 4.6.12.2 An Example of Creating a Binary Message File from a Text Message File 4-48 5 Data Types 5.1 Oracle Data Types 5-1 5.1.1 About Using External Data Type Codes 5-3 5.2 Internal Data Types 4 5.2.1 LONG, RAW LONG RAW, VARCHAR2 5-5 5.2.2 Character Strings and Byte Arrays 5-5 5.2.3 UROWID 5-6 5.2.4 bINARY FLOAT and BINARY double 5-6 5.3 External Data Types 5-7 5.3.1 VARCHAR2 5.3.1.1nput 5-10 5.3.1.2 Output 5-11 5.3.2 NUMBER 5-11 5.3.3 64-Bit Integer Host Data Type 5-12 5.3.3.1 OCI Bind and Define for 64-Bit Integers 5-13 5.3. 3.2 Support for OUT Bind DML Returning Statements 5-13 5.3.4 INTEGER 5-14 5.3.5FL○AT 5-15 5.3.6 STRING 5-15 5.3.6.1 Input 5-15 5.3.6.2 Output 5-16 5.3.7 VARNUM 5-16 5.3.8 LONG 5-16 5.3.9 VARCHAR 5-17 5.3.10DATE 5-17 5.3.11RAW 5-18 5.3.12 VARRAW 5-18 5.3.13 LONG RAW 5-19 5.3 14 UNSIGNED 5-19 5.3.15 LONG VARCHAR 5-19 5.3.16 LONG VARRAW 5-19 5.3.17cHAR 5-19 5.3.17.1nput 5-19 5.3.17.2 Output 5-20 5.3.18 CHARZ 5-21 5.3. 19 Named Data Types: Object, VARRAY, Nested Table 5-21 5.3.20REF 5-22 ORACL∈ 5.3.21 ROWID Descriptor 5-22 5.3.22 LOB Descriptor 5-23 5.3.22.1BF|E 5-24 5.3.22.2BLOB 5-25 5.3.223CLOB 5-25 5.3.22.4 NCLOB 5-25 5.3.23 Datetime and Interval Data Type Descriptors 5-25 5. 3.231 ANSI DATE 5-26 5.3.23.2 TIMESTAMP 5-26 5.3.23.3 TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE 5-26 5.3.23.4 TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE 5-27 5.3.23.5 INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH 5-27 5.3.23.6 INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND 5-27 5.3.23. 7 About Avoiding Unexpected Results Using Datetime 5-27 5.3.24 Native float and native double 5-28 5.3.25 C Object-Relational Data Type Mappings 5-28 5.4 Data conversions 5-28 5.4.1 Data Conversions for LOB Data Type Descriptors 5-30 5.4.2 Data Conversions for Datetime and Interval Data Types 5-30 5.4.2.1 Assignment Notes 5-31 5.4.2.2 Data Conversion Notes for datetime and Interval Types 5-32 5.4.3 Datetime and Date Upgrading Rules 5-32 5.4.31 Pre-90 Client with 9.0 or Later Server 5-32 5.4.3.2 Pre-9.0 Server with 9.0 or Later client 5-32 5.4.4 Data conversion for binary float and binary double in ocl 5-33 Typecodes 5-34 5.5.1 Relationship Between SQLT and OCI TYPECODE Values 5-35 5.6 Definitions in oratypes h 5-37 6 Using sQL Statements in OC 6.1 Overview of SQL Statement Processing 6.2 About Preparing Statements 6-4 6.2.1 About Using Prepared Statements on Multiple Servers 5 6.3 About Binding Placeholders in OCI 6-6 6.3.1 Rules for placeholders 6-7 6.4 About Executing Statements 6-7 6.4.1 Execution Snapshots 6-8 6.4.2 EXecution Modes of OCIStmtEXecuteO 6-9 6.4.2.1 Using batch Error Mode 6-9 6.4.2.2 Example of Batch Error Mode 6-11 ORACLE 6.5 About Describing select-List Items 6-12 6.5.1 Implicit Describe 6-13 6.5.2 Explicit Describe of Queries 6-15 6.6 About Defining Output Variables in OCI 6-16 6.7 About Fetching results 6-16 6.7.1 About Fetching LOB Data 6-17 6.7.2 About Setting Prefetch Count 6-17 6.8 About Using Scrollable Cursors in OC 6-19 6.8.1 About Increasing Scrollable Cursor Performance 6-20 6.8.2 Example of Access on a Scrollable Cursor 6-21 7 Binding and Defining in OCI 7.1 Overview of Binding in OCl 7-1 7.1.1 Named binds and positional binds 7-3 7.1.2 OCI Array Interface 7-4 7. 1.3 About Binding Placeholders in PL/SQL 7-5 7.1.4 Steps Used in OCI Binding 7-6 7.1.5 PL/SQL Block in an OCl Program 7-7 7.2 Advanced Bind Operations in oCl 79 7.2.1 About Binding LOBS 7-10 7.2.1.1 Binding LOB Locators 7-10 7.2.1.2 About Binding LOB Data 7-12 7. 2. 2 About Binding in OCI_ DATA AT_ EXEC Mode 7-16 7. 2.3 About Binding REF CURSOR Variables 7-17 7.3 Overview of defining in oCl 7-17 7.3.1 Steps Used in OCl Defining 7-18 7.4 Advanced Define Operations in OC 7-19 7.4.1 About Defining LOB Output Variables 7-20 7.4.1.1 About Defining Lob Locators 7-20 7.4.1.2 About Defining LOB Data 7-21 7.4.2 About Defining PL/SQL Output Variables 7-22 7.4.3 About Defining for a Piecewise Fetch 7-22 7.5 About binding and defining arrays of structures in oc 7-22 7.5.1 Skip Parameters 7-23 7.5.1.1 Skip Parameters for Standard Arrays 7-24 7.5.2 OCI Calls Used with Arrays of Structures 7-24 7.5.3 Arrays of Structures and Indicator Variables 7-25 7.6 About Binding and Defining Multiple Buffers 7-25 7.7 DML with a returning clause in ocl 7-29 7.7.1 About Using DML with a RETURNING Clause to Combine TWO SQL Statements 7-29 ORACL∈ 7.7.2 About Binding RETURNING. INTO Variables 7-30 7.7.3 OCI Error Handling 7-31 7.7 4 DML with rETURNing ref.into Clause in ocl 7-31 7.7. 4.1 Binding the Output variable 7-31 7.7.5 Additional notes about ocl callbacks 7-33 7.7.6 Array Interface for DML RETURNING Statements in OCI 7-33 7. 8 Character Conversion in OCl Binding and Defining 7-33 7.8.1 About Choosing a Character Set 7-34 7. 8.1.1 Character Set Form and ID 7-34 7. 8.1.2 Implicit Conversion Between CHAR and NCHAR 7-35 7.8.2 About Setting Client Character sets in OCI 7-36 7.8.3 About Binding Variables in OC 7-36 7.8.3. 1 About Using the ocl ATTR MAXDATA SIZE Attribute 7-37 7.8.3.2 About Using the ocl ATTR MAXCHAR SIZE Attribute 7-37 7.8.3.3 Buffer Expansion During OCI Binding 7-38 7.8.3.4 Constraint Checking During Defining 7-39 7.8. 3.5 General Compatibility Issues for Character-Length Semantics in OC 7-40 7.9 PL/SQL REF CURSORS and Nested Tables in OCl 7-43 7.10 Natively Describe and Bind All PL/SQL Types Including Package Types 7-44 7.11 Runtime Data Allocation and Piecewise Operations in OCI 7-45 7. 11.1 Valid Data Types for Piecewise Operations 7-46 7.11.2 Types of Piecewise Operations 7-46 7.11.3 About Providing INSERT or UPDATE Data at Runtime 7-47 7.11. 3.1 Performing a Piecewise Insert or Update 7-48 7. 11.4 Piecewise Operations with PL/SQL 7-50 7.11. 5 PL/SQL Indexed Table Binding Support 7-50 7.11.5.1 Restrictions for PL/SQL Indexed Table Binding Interface 7-51 7.11.6 About Providing FETCH Information at Run Time 7-52 7. 11.6.1 Performing a piecewise Fetch 7-52 7. 11.7 Piecewise Binds and Defines for lobs 7-54 8 Describing Schema Metadata 8.1 About Using OCIDescribe Anyo 8-1 8.1.1 Limitations on OCIDescribeAnyo 8-3 8. 1. 2 Notes on Types and Attributes 8.1.2.1 Data Type Codes 8-3 8. 1.2.2 About Describing Types 8-4 8.1.2. 3 Implicit and Explicit Describe Operations 8-4 8.1.2 4 OCI ATTR LIST ARGUMENTS Attribute 8-5 8.2 Parameter Attributes 8-5 ORACLE

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